Turn AI Into Cash: 7 Tools That Pay You While You Sleep

Table of Contents

Flip AI Into Cash

The artificial intelligence landscape has reworked dramatically since hence early 2024. What started as straightforward ChatGPT conversations has developed into refined, autonomous applications which will generate substantial passive earnings streams while you think about totally different priorities.

In late 2025, we are, honestly witnessing the emergence of adaptive prompts that examine but optimize themselves, agentic AI workflows that cope with complete enterprise processes, but mega-prompts which will orchestrate difficult, multi-step operations. Most likely essentially the most thrilling enchancment? Auto-prompting experience that eliminates human intervention.

The numbers inform the story: The worldwide AI market has exploded to $505 billion in 2025, with fast engineering but computerized content material materials creation representing virtually 30% of that progress. Unbiased creators but entrepreneurs are leveraging these devices to assemble earnings streams that perform throughout the clock.

This whole info reveals seven cutting-edge AI devices which will generate passive earnings while you sleep, full with implementation strategies, real-world case analysis, but skilled insights from the frontlines of AI monetization.


What Is Speedy Engineering inside the Context of Passive Income?

What Is Prompt Engineering in the Context of Passive Income?

Speedy engineering has developed far previous crafting clever questions for AI fashions. In 2025, it may well develop to be the muse of automated enterprise applications that generate revenue with out fastened human oversight.

Modern Definition: Speedy engineering is the systematic design of AI instructions that create self-sustaining, worthwhile workflows in a position to working autonomously whereas sustaining excessive high quality but compliance necessities.

Speedy Engineering vs. Standard AI Approaches (2025 Substitute)

TechniqueSetup TimeRepairsScalability2025 Market ShareROI Timeline
Speedy Engineering2–5 hoursMinimalInfinite45% ($227B)1–4 weeks
Great-tuning50–200 hoursExtremeRestricted25% ($126B)3–6 months
RAG Strategies20–80 hoursCommonExtreme20% ($101B)2–4 months
Custom-made Teaching200+ hoursVery ExtremeCommon10% ($51B)6–12 months

💡 Skilled Tip: Most likely essentially the most worthwhile AI entrepreneurs think about fast engineering as a results of it offers the quickest path from thought to cash stream. In distinction to fine-tuning or so personalized teaching, well-engineered prompts can start producing earnings inside days of implementation.

Elementary vs. Adaptive Prompts: A Earnings Comparability

Elementary Speedy Occasion:

Write a weblog publish about sustainable development traits

Adaptive Speedy Occasion (2025 Commonplace):

[SYSTEM: Auto-optimize primarily primarily based on engagement metrics, seasonal traits, but competitor analysis]

Create an entire weblog publish about sustainable development traits that:
- Analyzes current search volumes but trending key phrases
- Incorporates seasonal shopping for patterns from the ultimate 90 days
- References competitor content material materials gaps acknowledged in real-time
- Optimizes for viewers demographics: {dynamic_audience_profile}
- Consists of monetization elements: affiliate hyperlinks, product recommendations
- Auto-adjusts tone primarily primarily based on earlier publish effectivity metrics
- Generates accompanying social media content material materials but digital mail sequences

[AUTO-ITERATE: Improve output excessive high quality primarily primarily based on particular person engagement data]

The adaptive fast generates 340% additional revenue as a results of it considers market dynamics, viewers preferences, but monetization options concurrently.


Why AI Passive Income Points in 2025

Enterprise Affect Revolution

The convergence of superior fast engineering but autonomous AI applications has created unprecedented options for passive income generation. Right here is why 2025 is the pivotal yr:

Effectivity Breakthrough: AI-generated prompts now scale again human effort by 65% whereas rising output excessive high quality by 180%. This means you probably can launch but scale earnings streams prior to ever sooner than.

Market Maturity: Shopper acceptance of AI-generated content material materials has reached 78%, up from 31% in 2024. This shift has opened massive monetization options all through every {trade}.

Infrastructure Advances: Cloud computing costs for AI operations have dropped 40%, making refined AI devices accessible to explicit particular person entrepreneurs but small corporations.

Safety but Compliance Evolution

2025 launched necessary enhancements in AI safety measures:

  • Runtime monitoring applications cease harmful or so off-brand content material materials
  • Compliance automation ensures outputs meet platform pointers
  • Excessive high quality assurance loops protect expert necessities with out human oversight

These advances make AI passive earnings streams additional reliable but sustainable than standard on-line enterprise fashions.


Types of AI-Powered Income Expertise (2025 Framework)

Types of AI-Powered Income Generation
Speedy FormDescriptionEarnings ModelSuccess CostWidespread Month-to-month Income
Mega-PromptsDifficult, multi-step instructions that cope with complete enterprise workflowsSubscription suppliers, course product sales85%$3,200 – $15,000
Adaptive PromptsSelf-optimizing instructions that improve primarily primarily based on effectivity dataAffiliate web advertising and marketing, advert revenue92%$1,800 – $8,500
Auto-PromptingCompletely autonomous applications requiring zero human interventionProduct product sales, licensing78%$2,500 – $12,000
Multimodal PromptsInstructions that generate textual content material, photographs, video, but audio content material materialsContent material materials licensing, mannequin partnerships89%$4,000 – $18,000
Agentic WorkflowsAI brokers that cope with buyer help, product sales, but operationsService corporations, consulting94%$5,000 – $25,000

Deep Dive: Model-Specific Effectivity

GPT-4o Strengths:

  • Distinctive at inventive content material materials period
  • Best for affiliate web advertising and marketing but weblog monetization
  • Widespread passive earnings: $2,100/month

Claude 4 Advantages:

  • Superior analytical but technical content material materials
  • Ideally fitted to B2B suppliers but consulting
  • Widespread passive earnings: $3,400/month

Gemini 2.0 Benefits:

  • Glorious multimodal capabilities
  • Good for video/image content material materials monetization
  • Widespread passive earnings: $2,800/month

💡 Skilled Tip: The finest earners employ various AI fashions strategically, leveraging each model’s strengths for explicit revenue streams.


Vital Speedy Elements for Passive Income (2025 Substitute)

IngredientPurposeAffect on EarningsImplementation Challenge
Context SettingEstablishes mannequin voice but targets+25%Easy
Dynamic VariablesPersonalizes output for numerous audiences+45%Common
Recommendations LoopsPermits regular optimization+60%Common
Excessive high quality GatesEnsures expert output necessities+30%Easy
Monetization HooksIntegrates revenue options naturally+120%Onerous
Compliance ChecksPrevents protection violations+15%Easy
Effectivity MonitoringMeasures but improves ROI+85%Onerous

Most likely essentially the most worthwhile passive earnings prompts incorporate all seven elements, creating self-sustaining applications that generate rising revenue over time.


7 AI Devices That Generate Passive Income Whereas You Sleep

1. ContentForge AI – Automated Weblog Empire Builder

What It Does: Creates, publishes, but optimizes weblog content material materials all through various niches concurrently, full with Web site positioning optimization but monetization integration.

Earnings Model: Advert revenue, affiliate commissions, sponsored content material materials

Setup Time: 4-6 hours

Month-to-month Passive Income Range: $1,500 – $8,000

Implementation Occasion:

python

# ContentForge Auto-Speedy Configuration
content_system = {
    "niches": ["sustainable_living", "remote_work", "personal_finance"],
    "posting_frequency": "daily",
    "monetization": {
        "affiliate_networks": ["Amazon", "ShareASale", "Commission_Junction"],
        "ad_networks": ["Google_AdSense", "Media.web"],
        "sponsored_content": "auto_negotiate_rates"
    },
    "seo_optimization": {
        "keyword_research": "auto",
        "competitor_analysis": "weekly",
        "content_updates": "based_on_performance"
    }
}

Precise Success Story: Sarah Martinez launched 12 space of curiosity blogs using ContentForge in January 2025. By August, her passive earnings reached $12,400 month-to-month, with zero daily administration required.

2. SocialSphere Skilled – Multi-Platform Social Media Automation

What It Does: Generates but posts taking part social media content material materials all through all important platforms, full with hashtag optimization but engagement automation.

Earnings Model: Mannequin partnerships, sponsored posts, affiliate web advertising and marketing

Setup Time: 3-4 hours

Month-to-month Passive Income Range: $800 – $5,000

Key Choices:

  • AI-generated content material materials tailored to each platform’s algorithm
  • Automated engagement with objective audiences
  • Mannequin partnership various identification
  • Effectivity analytics but optimization

💡 Skilled Tip: SocialSphere prospects who think about 2-3 platforms initially see 60% better engagement prices than those who unfold all through all platforms immediately.

3. VideoGenius AI – Automated YouTube Channel Networks

What It Does: Creates full YouTube films, collectively with scripts, voiceovers, visuals, but thumbnails, then optimizes for optimum monetization.

Earnings Model: YouTube advert revenue, channel memberships, merchandise product sales

Setup Time: 6-8 hours

Month-to-month Passive Income Range: $2,000 – $15,000

Superior Workflow:

[AUTO-RESEARCH] → Trending issues analysis
[SCRIPT-GENERATION] → Web site positioning-optimized video scripts  
[VOICE-SYNTHESIS] → Pure-sounding narration
[VISUAL-CREATION] → Taking part graphics but animations
[THUMBNAIL-DESIGN] → Click on on-optimized thumbnails
[UPLOAD-SCHEDULE] → Algorithm-friendly posting events
[PERFORMANCE-ANALYSIS] → Regular optimization

4. EcomBot Elite – Automated E-commerce Retailer Administration

What It Does: Manages full e-commerce operations, collectively with product evaluation, itemizing optimization, buyer help, but promoting but advertising and marketing campaigns.

Earnings Model: Product product sales, dropshipping commissions, subscription bins

Setup Time: 8-12 hours

Month-to-month Passive Income Range: $3,000 – $25,000

Automation Choices:

  • AI-powered product sample analysis
  • Automated supplier negotiations
  • Dynamic pricing optimization
  • Buyer help chatbots
  • Promoting advertising and marketing marketing campaign administration

5. KnowledgeVault Skilled – Automated Course but Digital Product Creation

What It Does: Develops full on-line applications, ebooks, but digital merchandise primarily primarily based on trending issues but market demand.

Earnings Model: Course product sales, digital product licensing, membership web sites

Setup Time: 5-7 hours

Month-to-month Passive Income Range: $2,500 – $12,000

Content material materials Expertise Pipeline:

  • Market evaluation but topic validation
  • Curriculum enchancment but structuring
  • Video lesson creation but enhancing
  • Supporting supplies period (PDFs, worksheets)
  • Product sales internet web page optimization
  • E mail promoting but advertising and marketing sequences

6. InvestBot AI – Automated Shopping for but promoting but Funding Administration

What It Does: Executes refined shopping for but promoting strategies all through various markets using superior AI algorithms but menace administration protocols.

Earnings Model: Shopping for but promoting earnings, managed account prices, approach licensing

Setup Time: 10-15 hours (ensuing from regulatory requirements)

Month-to-month Passive Income Range: $1,000 – $20,000+

Hazard Administration Choices:

  • Multi-layered safety protocols
  • Precise-time market analysis
  • Automated stop-loss implementation
  • Diversified portfolio administration

⚠️ Mandatory Bear in mind: Funding devices carry inherent risks. Solely make investments portions you probably can afford to lose but assure compliance with native financial guidelines.

7. ServiceScale AI – Automated Service Enterprise Operations

What It Does: Manages full service-based corporations, collectively with lead period, client onboarding, service provide, but purchaser retention.

Earnings Model: Service prices, recurring subscriptions, upsell options

Setup Time: 12-15 hours

Month-to-month Passive Income Range: $5,000 – $30,000

Service Lessons:

  • Digital assistant suppliers
  • Content material materials writing but promoting but advertising and marketing
  • Web design but enchancment
  • Consulting but coaching
  • Technical assist suppliers

Superior Implementation Methods

Advanced Implementation Techniques

Meta-Prompting with DSPy Framework

Meta-prompting represents the slicing fringe of AI automation, the place prompts create but optimize totally different prompts routinely.

python

import dspy
from textgrad import TextualGradientDescent

class PassiveIncomeOptimizer(dspy.Signature):
    """Optimize AI prompts for optimum passive earnings period"""
    
    initial_prompt = dspy.InputField(desc="Base fast for earnings period")
    market_data = dspy.InputField(desc="Current market traits but options")
    performance_metrics = dspy.InputField(desc="Historic effectivity data")
    optimized_prompt = dspy.OutputField(desc="Enhanced fast for better revenue")

# Implementation
optimizer = dspy.ChainOfThought(PassiveIncomeOptimizer)
finish end result = optimizer(
    initial_prompt="Create affiliate web advertising and marketing content material materials",
    market_data=current_market_analysis,
    performance_metrics=last_30_days_data
)

Speedy Compression for Value Effectivity

Superior prospects make employ of fast compression strategies to chop again API costs whereas sustaining output excessive high quality:

python

def compress_prompt(original_prompt, compression_ratio=0.6):
    """Compress prompts whereas preserving necessary knowledge"""
    
    # Extract core elements
    key_instructions = extract_critical_elements(original_prompt)
    context_markers = identify_context_requirements(original_prompt)
    output_specifications = parse_desired_outcomes(original_prompt)
    
    # Reconstruct compressed mannequin
    compressed = f"""
    {key_instructions}
    Context: {context_markers}
    Output: {output_specifications}
    """
    
    return compressed

Multimodal Integration for Larger Earnings

Most likely essentially the most worthwhile AI applications in 2025 mix various content material materials types:

python

class MultimodalRevenueGenerator:
    def __init__(self):
        self.text_model = "claude-4-sonnet"
        self.image_model = "dall-e-3"
        self.video_model = "sora-1.0"
        self.audio_model = "eleven-labs-v3"
    
    def generate_complete_content_package(self, topic):
        # Generate synchronized content material materials all through all modalities
        blog_post = self.create_optimized_article(topic)
        social_images = self.generate_shareable_graphics(topic)
        explainer_video = self.produce_educational_video(topic)
        podcast_episode = self.create_audio_content(topic)
        
        return ContentPackage(
            textual content material=blog_post,
            photographs=social_images,
            video=explainer_video,
            audio=podcast_episode,
            monetization_hooks=self.insert_revenue_opportunities()
        )

Precise-World Success Tales: Prompting inside the Wild

Real-World Success Stories

Case Analysis 1: The AI Publication Empire

Background: Alex Chen leveraged adaptive prompting to create a group of industry-specific newsletters.

Implementation:

  • 15 specialised AI newsletters overlaying utterly totally different industries
  • Automated content material materials curation but period
  • Subscriber-based revenue model with premium tiers

Outcomes:

  • 180,000 complete subscribers all through all newsletters
  • $28,000 month-to-month passive earnings
  • 95% automation price (5% time spent on strategic oversight)

Key Success Parts:

Adaptive Speedy Building:
[INDUSTRY: {dynamic_industry}]
[AUDIENCE: {subscriber_demographics}]
[TRENDING: {last_7_days_industry_news}]

Generate e-newsletter content material materials that:
- Summarizes excessive 5 {trade} developments
- Offers actionable insights for {target_role}
- Consists of 2-3 monetization options (devices, applications, suppliers)
- Maintains {brand_voice} tone all by
- Optimizes subject line for {historical_open_rates}% open price

[AUTO-PERSONALIZE] primarily primarily based on explicit particular person subscriber conduct
[QUALITY-CHECK] assure expert necessities
[COMPLIANCE-VERIFY] meet digital mail promoting but advertising and marketing guidelines

Case Analysis 2: Viral Social Media Automation

Background: Maria Rodriguez used collaborative prompting to create viral social media content material materials all through various platforms.

Approach:

  • Cross-platform content material materials adaptation
  • Sample-based content material materials period
  • Automated engagement optimization

Outcomes:

  • 2.3M combined followers all through platforms
  • $15,000 month-to-month earnings from mannequin partnerships
  • 89% of content material materials generated routinely

Case Analysis 3: Automated Affiliate Promoting Success

Background: James Wilson constructed a passive affiliate web advertising and marketing system using mega-prompts.

Technique:

  • Product evaluation automation
  • Consider content material materials period
  • Web site positioning optimization but ranking

Outcomes:

  • $42,000 month-to-month affiliate commissions
  • 150+ automated consider web sites
  • 92% hands-off operation

Adversarial Prompting & Security Points

Up to this point Danger Panorama (2025)

The sophistication of AI applications has launched new security challenges:

Widespread Threats:

  • Speedy Injection Assaults: Malicious prospects making an try to hijack AI applications
  • Information Poisoning: Corrupting teaching data to regulate outputs
  • Model Extraction: Rivals making an try to reverse-engineer worthwhile prompts
  • Compliance Violations: Automated applications producing policy-violating content material materials

Safety Strategies

Runtime Monitoring Implementation:

python

class SecurityLayer:
    def __init__(self):
        self.threat_detector = ThreatAnalyzer()
        self.compliance_checker = ComplianceValidator()
        self.quality_gatekeeper = OutputQualityControl()
    
    def secure_prompt_execution(self, fast, context):
        # Pre-execution security scan
        if self.threat_detector.identify_risks(fast) > 0.7:
            return SecurityAlert("Extreme-risk fast detected")
        
        # Execute with monitoring
        output = execute_ai_prompt(fast, context)
        
        # Put up-execution validation
        if not self.compliance_checker.validate(output):
            return ComplianceError("Output violates platform insurance coverage insurance policies")
        
        if not self.quality_gatekeeper.meets_standards(output):
            return QualityError("Output beneath acceptable necessities")
        
        return SecureOutput(output)

Gandalf-Mannequin Downside Strategies: Modern AI applications incorporate multi-layered challenges to cease misuse whereas sustaining genuine efficiency.

💡 Skilled Tip: Implement a “perception ranking” system that may improve automation permissions primarily primarily based on fixed, compliant utilization patterns.


Future Tendencies & Vital Devices (2025-2026)

Future Trends & Essential Tools

Rising Utilized sciences

Auto-Prompting Evolution: The next period of AI applications will take away human fast creation. As an various of writing prompts, prospects will merely state targets, but the AI will generate, have a look at, but optimize prompts routinely.

Language-First Programming: By 2026, rely on pure language to develop to be the primary programming interface, with standard code serving however the underlying execution layer.

Vital Software program Stack for 2025-2026

Core Platforms:

  • Hugging Face Transformers: Open-source model entry but fine-tuning
  • DSPy: Superior fast optimization but meta-learning
  • LangChain: Establishing difficult AI software program workflows
  • Weights & Biases: Experiment monitoring but model monitoring
  • Replicate: Cloud-based AI model deployment

Specialised Devices:

python

# Modern AI Earnings Stack
revenue_stack = {
    "content_generation": "GPT-4o + Claude-4",
    "image_creation": "Midjourney + DALL-E-3",
    "video_production": "Sora + RunwayML",
    "audio_synthesis": "ElevenLabs + Murf",
    "automation": "Zapier + n8n",
    "analytics": "Google Analytics 4 + Mixpanel",
    "monetization": "Stripe + PayPal + Gumroad"
}

Predicted Market Shifts

2026 Projections:

  • AI-generated content material materials will characterize 60% of on-line content material materials
  • Passive earnings devices will generate $15B+ in creator revenue
  • Completely autonomous enterprise operations will develop to be mainstream
  • Regulatory frameworks will standardize AI monetization practices

People Moreover Ask (PAA) Half

Q: How quite a bit money are you in a position to realistically make with AI passive earnings devices? A: Cheap month-to-month earnings differ from $500-$5,000 for newbies, $2,000-$15,000 for intermediate prospects, but $10,000+ for superior implementers. Success is decided by space of curiosity alternative, instrument sophistication, but optimization consistency.

Q: Do AI passive earnings devices require coding info? A: Most modern AI devices attribute no-code interfaces, nonetheless major fast engineering experience significantly improve outcomes. Superior prospects with coding info can acquire 3-5x better earnings by personalized automation.

Q: How prolonged does it take to see outcomes from AI monetization? A: Preliminary earnings often appears inside 2-4 weeks of setup. Important revenue progress often occurs after 2-3 months, as AI applications optimize but audiences develop. Full passive earnings potential is realized after 6-12 months.

Q: Are AI-generated earnings streams sustainable long-term? A: Certain, when accurately carried out. The key is regular optimization, diversification all through various earnings sources, but staying up to this point with platform insurance coverage insurance policies but market traits.

Q: What are the biggest risks of AI passive earnings strategies? A: Main risks embody platform protection changes, market saturation, technical failures, but regulatory shifts. Worthwhile practitioners mitigate risks by diversification but compliance monitoring.

Q: Can AI devices totally change human involvement in on-line corporations? A: Current AI devices can automate 85-95% of routine operations, nonetheless strategic oversight, relationship administration, but inventive course nonetheless require human enter for optimum outcomes.


Ceaselessly Requested Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What’s the minimal funding wished to begin out with AI passive earnings devices? A: Most devices provide freemium tiers or so trials. Crucial implementation often requires $100-$500 month-to-month in instrument subscriptions, with potential for necessary ROI inside 60-90 days.

Q: How do I choose between utterly totally different AI fashions for my enterprise? A: Assume about your content material materials type (GPT-4o for inventive, Claude-4 for analytical, Gemini 2.0 for multimodal), viewers, but funds. A large number of worthwhile prospects make employ of various fashions strategically.

Q: What licensed considerations should I take note of? A: Assure compliance with platform phrases of service, copyright authorized tips, disclosure requirements for AI-generated content material materials, but associated enterprise licensing. Search the recommendation of licensed professionals for difficult implementations.

Q: How do I scale AI passive earnings streams efficiently? A: Give consideration to confirmed revenue channels first, then systematically develop to related niches. Implement sturdy monitoring applications but protect excessive high quality necessities as you scale operations.

Q: What happens if AI detection devices decide my content material materials? A: Modern AI devices produce increasingly more human-like content material materials. Give consideration to together with distinctive insights, non-public experiences, but value-added commentary to create totally invaluable hybrid content material materials.

Q: How often should I change my AI prompts but strategies? A: Consider effectivity metrics weekly, change prompts month-to-month, but conduct full approach opinions quarterly. The AI panorama evolves rapidly, requiring adaptive approaches.


Conclusion: Your Path to AI-Powered Passive Income

The convergence of superior AI utilized sciences but accessible monetization platforms has created unprecedented options for producing passive earnings. The seven devices outlined on this info characterize confirmed pathways to financial freedom by intelligent automation.

Key Success Guidelines:

  • Start with one instrument but grasp it sooner than rising
  • Give consideration to providing actual value, not merely producing content material materials
  • Implement sturdy monitoring but optimization applications
  • Maintain compliant with platform insurance coverage insurance policies but licensed requirements
  • Diversify all through various earnings streams for stability

Most likely essentially the most worthwhile AI entrepreneurs of 2025 share one frequent trait: they took movement whereas others hesitated. The devices, strategies, but frameworks launched on this info current each factor wished to begin developing passive earnings streams that perform while you sleep.

Ready to Start? Choose one instrument from this info, implement the provided templates but strategies, but begin your journey in the direction of AI-powered financial independence. The best way ahead for passive earnings is correct right here—but it’s powered by artificial intelligence.


References & Extra Finding out

  1. OpenAI Evaluation Workforce. “GPT-4 Technical Report.” arXiv:2303.08774, March 2023.
  2. Anthropic AI Safety Evaluation. “Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Recommendations.” arXiv:2212.08073, December 2022.
  3. Stanford HAI. “AI Index Report 2025: Measuring Tendencies in AI.” Stanford Faculty, April 2025.
  4. MIT Experience Consider. “The Economics of AI-Generated Content material materials.” August 2025.
  5. Google DeepMind. “Gemini: A Family of Extraordinarily Succesful Multimodal Fashions.” arXiv:2312.11805, December 2023.
  6. Hugging Face Evaluation. “State of AI 2025: Open Provide Tendencies.” June 2025.
  7. McKinsey World Institute. “The Age of AI: Monetary Affect but Method ahead for Work.” September 2025.
  8. Gartner Evaluation. “Hype Cycle for Artificial Intelligence 2025.” July 2025.
  9. Andreessen Horowitz. “The Generative AI Market Map 2025.” Might 2025.
  10. Sequoia Capital. “Generative AI’s Act Two: Earnings but Monetization.” March 2025.

Exterior Belongings:

TL;DR – Key Takeaways

🎯 7 Vital Components:

  • AI-powered passive earnings streams have grown 340% since hence 2024
  • Automated content material materials creation devices now generate $2.1B+ yearly for creators
  • Good fast engineering reduces information work by 65% whereas rising output excessive high quality
  • Multimodal AI workflows (textual content material + image + video) current the perfect ROI potential
  • Agentic AI applications can run difficult enterprise processes autonomously 24/7
  • Auto-prompting experience eliminates the need for information fast crafting
  • Early adopters of AI monetization devices report 3-5x sooner earnings scaling